Conclusion

Here is a cursory summary of the Expanded Rishon Model, covering the following main points:

• Particles are considered to be massless photons on a circular phase-locked track, with radius equal to its compton wavelength. The wavelength of the photon may however be double (or more in the case of more complex particles?) that of the diameter [3].
• We identify the polarity of the standing-wave harmonics of the photon with "T" as real, and "V" as imaginary. Three points on the standing-wave harmonics of a 3,2 toroidal knot give rise to the four elementary particles (eight including anti-particles).
• The "I-Frame" concept (or possibly the 10,3 toroidal knot) gives 16 possible further patterns that give rise to the neutron, proton, charm, strange, bottom and one further as-yet unidentified quark.
• An expanded ("ultra") I-Frame concept comprising 15 Rishons per quark gives rise to the constituent parts of the Tau as well as those of the W, Z and Higgs Bosons.
• Particle "decay" may be envisaged as the"phase and polarity conserving exchange of energy between the photons embedded within their circular phase-locked tracks". Where that is impossible the sum total remaining energy is simply emitted in a straight line instead, as... (unsurprisingly) a photon.
• Pairs of charge and polarity-conserving VT0 phase transforms can be considered as Feynmann Diagrams, resulting in variations that ultimately at the extreme may be used to create particles (usually pions of all four types). or destroy them. Conservation of total Feynmann time-reversals within VT0 phase transforms is considered highly probable (and needs investigation).
• The effect of the synchotronic radiation emanating from a particle's epicentre polarises its surrounding space in an outwardly spiralling standing wave pattern where $\alpha$ is a defining characteristic of the relationship between the epicentre and its own synchotronic radiation.
• The "imprinting" of that synchotronic radiation on the surrounding space in effect "stores" the charge, lepton number and other aspects of the particle, such that "decay" byproducts are overwhelmingly influenced and must conform to those characteristics.
• Also the instability of a "decay" in combination with the available potential energy helps overcome the vacuum barrier long enough such that the intermediary particles may be brought into temporary existence in the first place.

In essence then the Rishon Model falls naturally out of the consideration that matter is comprised purely of massless synchotronic phase-locked standing-wave photons, and that when the polarity is imaginary this gives rise to "Vohu", and when the polarity is real this becomes "Tohu". No other "particles" are needed, not even in "decay", because there is literally and absolutely nothing else present in the universe other than photons, with all that that implies. Ultimately, then, everything is pure energy, but it is phase and polarity that gives rise to particle characteristics, as well as the phenomenon known by the name "decay".