Summary

The list of enquiries that this paper generates is almost overwhelming. At least two new quarks are identified; the composition of the Bosons and the gluon are identified, and one new Boson (Higgs-0) is predicted.

Summarising the points made so far:

1. The original Rishon Model is altered to invert the neutrino's charge to VVV (positive) in order to match the remaining triplet particles and to respect the rules regarding multi-triplet particles.

2. All particles including the gluon, W, Z and Higgs Bosons, including the tau, are identified in terms of Rishons by way of some simple recursive rules.

3. A series of rules for particle transformation are given - none of them incompatible with Standard Models, nor violating conservation of energy, that redefine particle "decay" as being energy-conserving matched phase shifts, including in some (most) cases the ultra-short-lived introduction of temporary particles. The temporary particles are involved in matched phase-transforms that simultaneously create and destroy them, as a bridge to more stable wave functions better suited to the conditions than the particles' previous states.

4. Two new heavy quarks - the ultra-up and ultra-down - are identified as being extensions of the neutron and proton with pairs of anti-up and anti-down quarks either side of each, in a short-lived arrangement that has the startling effect of cancelling out spin within the ultra-up and ultra-down quarks themselves (to spin 0).

5. The W and Z Bosons are identified as being simply heavy flavours of Pions using ultra-up and ultra-down quarks. Not that it matters (because the quarks would counterbalance, resulting in zero spin anyway) but the zero spin of the ultra quarks results in the W and Z Bosons having zero spin.

6. In a clarification of interpretation: there is effectively no such thing as the "Weak Force"; there is only the carrier of what is believed to be the "Weak Force": the W and Z Bosons. These are merely heavy flavours of pions; they are particles in their own right.

7. The Higgs Boson is identified as simply being an ultra-heavy flavour of an anti-proton, using ultra-up and ultra-down quarks. Again the zero spin of the ultra-quarks results in the Higgs Boson having zero spin despite a +1 charge.

8. A second Higgs Boson - the Higgs-0 - is predicted to exist in two flavours: anti-Higgs-0 (an ultra-heavy anti-neutron) and Higgs-0 (an ultra heavy neutron). It is anticipated that the Higgs-0 is the heavier of the two observed masses (126.0 GeV) whilst the Higgs (renamed to Higgs+) is the lower, at 125.3 GeV. This prediction is based on the observation of the neutron being slightly heavier than the proton.

9. The Higgs-0 is anticipated to undergo oscillation, in exactly the same way as the Pion-0 (and others such as the B-Meson-0).

10. The neutron is predicted to have orbital shells comprising neutrinos. A line of enquiry of several straightforward theoretical and practical experiments are given to help establish if this hypothesis is correct.

11. Rishon V matter is tentatively predicted to be involved in magnetism. Although it is extremely hard to prove or disprove that hypothesis, a number of potential lines of enquiry have been outlined.

12. Rishon V matter is tentatively believed to be responsible for "absorption" ("deflection" would be better) of electrical charge when used as a means to influence the velocity of particles. The rule under investigation is that the more V matter is present in a particle, the heavier the particle appears to be. However it could well simply be the case that the particles genuinely are that heavy, just with the majority of that energy having gone into unavoidably increasing the rotational speed of V particles within the sub-structure instead of increasing the velocity of the whole, giving the impression that the particles are significantly heavier than they would be at "rest". There is much here to still be investigated.

    TODO: shorten this. move fuller explanation elsewhere.

13. A large range of additional particles are predicted to exist: combinations of ultra-quarks with top, bottom, strange, charm, up and down in one of the two (or three) spots, all above 17 GeV but well below 80 GeV for the two-quark variants, and all above 17 GeV but well below 125.3 GeV for the three-quark variants. Due to the extreme size of the ultra-quarks it is anticipated that asymmetric three-quark variants with ultra-quarks as part of the makeup will not feature strongly (if at all), nor three-quark variants where significantly lighter quarks (at least up and down) are in the centre position: these are not anticipated to exist at all.

    TODO: shorten this. move fuller explanation elsewhere.

14. Rishon "colour" is a reflection - indication - of an underlying order involving three 120 degree separate phases. The order in which triplet phases apply critically affects the way in which particles attract (or repel).

15. Aside from either a -120 or +120 phase delay, absolutely every T and V particle's wave-form beats in absolutely synchronous harmonic oscillation with every other particle in the universe, regardless of location. without exception.

    TODO: add to TODO below - explanation of above!

16. Matter is considered to be merely waves that propagate outwards at the speed of light, causing constructive and destructive interference that at very short distances gives the mathematical appearance of "Strong Force", short distances the mathematical appearance of "Weak Force", and even greater distances when sufficient particles combine to average out their wave-forms: gravity.

    TODO: add to TODO below - explanation of above!

17. An explanation is offered as to how the Nuclear Force paradoxically switches from attraction to repulsion, in terms of simple mechanics. Some direction for a more comprehensive derivation of the Nuclear Force is outlined.

18. A prediction is made that negative muons - on their own - might be able to form more complex nuclei (for short durations) but that they would never be part of nuclei that also included either protons or neutrons: this is flat-out impossible. (The simplest example of this has already been observed: a muonic atom, aka muonic hydrogen). Clarification: muons may exclusively be able to form nucleons; muon-neutrinos likewise, but muon and muon-neutrino combinations are also as impossible.