Expanded Rishon Model Particles

Derivation of the Alternative Rishon Model Particles comes from endeavouring to fit them together into compound particles. First however the elementary particles are shown, in Figure 1:

figurefundamental Rishon particles and charges

Note that the total of the T-charge and V-charge of each of the particles is either +1 or -1. This is a law. No Rishon particle may exist which has a fractional total charge. In colour (phase) terms this is because the three Rishon particles are three identical waves at 120 degree phases, summing in total to zero. A T anti-V and T particle would in effect be three particles separated by 60 degree phases: their sum as a triplet would be non-zero, which is not permitted. Next is the neutron and proton, shown in Figure  2, where the up and down quarks known to be present in neutrons and protons are expanded into their corresponding Rishon particles:

figureProton and Neutron Rishon Model structure

Note that the proton has, as expected, a +1T (electrical) charge and the neutron has 0 electrical charge. However: note that whilst the proton has a zero V charge, the neutron has a negative (-1) V charge. From this we quite reasonably deduce that the neutrino has a positive V charge, on the grounds that the electron has the opposite T charge from a proton. It is worth noting that if electrons had been correctly assigned the appropriate charge in the 1800s by its first proponents the electron and the neutrino would both have positive charges. Whatever the charge polarity however it is important to note and correct the deviation from the original Rishon Model in the neutrino's charge, in order to retain conservation of charges in decay model interactions. Also worth noting is how the Proton and Neutron are laid out, diagrammatically. It is believed that this is actually how the particles generate spin characteristics, and how the proton and neutron manage to retain cohesion. Note in the proton how the end $\overline{V}$ particles of the down quark line up with the central V particles of the up quarks at either end. In this way the two up quarks may safely themselves spin, and at the same time the whole "I-shaped" assembly may rotate, thus providing from an external perspective the observed spin characteristics noted of protons in current particle physics models.